History of  Educational technology 

There is no documentary evidence to tell us exactly who coined the term education technology. Different academic scientists, scientists and philosophers at different times have put forward different definitions of Educational Technology. Educational technology is a multidisciplinary and integrated process that involves individuals, processes, ideas, devices, and organization, in which technology from different fields of science is acquired according to the need and need of education to initiate, evaluate and manage solutions to those issues affecting all aspects of human learning.

Educational technology, to put it bluntly, has gone through five stages.

The first phase of educational technology involves the use of resources such as charts, maps, symbols, models, specimens and concrete objects. The term educational technology was used as a synonym for audio and visual aids.

The second phase of educational technology is associated with the 'electrical revolution' with the introduction and development of computer and software platforms. The use of various audio aids such as projector, magic lights, tape recorder, radio and television brought about a dramatic change in the educational landscape. Therefore, the concept of educational technology was adopted in terms of these sophisticated tools and materials for the effective delivery of educational materials.

The third phase of educational technology is linked to the creation of many media outlets that led to ‘communication transformation’ for educational purposes. The Instruction-assisted Instruction (CAI) used in education since the 1950s also became popular at this time.

The fourth phase of educational technology is characterized by a different teaching process. Establishment of structured learning and structured instruction has provided a new dimension to educational technology. A self-study program based on self-study materials and teaching equipment was developed.

The modern concept of educational technology is influenced by the concept of program engineering or systemic approach focusing on language laboratories, teaching equipment, structured education, multimedia technology and the use of computers in teaching. According to you, educational technology is a systematic way of designing, designing and evaluating a comprehensive teaching and learning process based on specific research-based objectives.

Educational technologies during the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age

Academic technology, without any doubt as to the origin of the term, can be traced back to a three-year period of the first period of human history; namely Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.

During the Stone Age, arson, the production of various handmade weapons and vessels from stone and textile making were some of the most important technological advances. A section of the Stone Age developed advanced maritime navigation technology to migrate across the oceans, where they developed their first informal study of ocean currents, climate, navigation, astronavigation, and star maps. In the later Stone Age (Neolithic period), agricultural practice, polished stone tools were made of various hard rocks mainly by digging underground tunnels, which could be considered the first steps in mining technology. Polished axes worked so well that even after the emergence of copper and iron; people use it for deforestation and the establishment of crop farming.

Although Stone Age traditions have not left written records, archaeological evidence has confirmed their transition from nomadic life to agricultural settlement. Ancient tools have been preserved in various museums, cave paintings such as the Altamira Cave in Spain, and other pre-historic art, such as Venus of Willendorf, the Queen Mother of Laussels, France, etc. are some of the evidence associated with their culture.

The Neolithic Revolution of the Stone Age led to the emergence of the Bronze Age through agricultural development, animal husbandry, and the adoption of permanent settlements. In these Bronze Age practices people continue to smelter iron, copper and copper later, a mixture of tin and copper, which are their favorites.

The people of the Iron Age have replaced copper and developed the technical knowledge of metal smelting to reduce the cost of living because steel vessels were stronger and cheaper than copper standards. In many Eurasian cultures, the Iron Age was the last period before the writing of the Scriptures was completed.

Educational technology during ancient societies

According to Paul Saettler, 2004, the technology of Education can be traced back to the time when the priests of the nations organized ancient knowledge organizations and cultures to create portraits or handwriting to record and send information. At all stages of human civilization, one can find a method of teaching or a set of procedures aimed at applying a particular culture which is also supported by a number of investigations and evidence. As culture evolved, it became more sophisticated that teaching technology was designed to reflect certain individual and social behaviors aimed at driving an educated society. Over the centuries, every important change in education values, goals or objectives led to various teaching technologies.

Major advances in technology and engineering came with the growth of ancient civilizations. These developments developed and taught other communities around the world to embrace new ways of life and governance.

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Indus Valley civilization was the first Bronze civilization to be located in the northwestern part of the Indian Subcontinent. Civilization flourished mainly around the Indus River Indus and the Punjab region, reaching the top of the Ghaggar-Hakra River and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (a large part of modern-day Pakistan and modern western parts of India and part of the civilization extending southeast Afghanistan, and the eastern part of Balochistan, Iran).

There is a long-standing debate over the language of the Harappan people. It is thought that their writing at least seemed to be the case or the text of the image. The script seems to have some 400 basic characters, many of which are varied. People write their text in the direction usually from right to left. Most of the inscriptions were found on symbols and markings that may have been used for trading and legal and administrative work.

The people of Harappan had knowledge of tools to measure length, size, and time. They were the first in the world to make a system of similar weights and measures.

In a study conducted by P. N. Rao et al. in 2009, published in Science, computer scientists discovered that the Indus script pattern is closer to that of spoken words, supporting the proposed view that it sets a language that is still unknown.

According to Chinese Culture, some of the major contributions from China include paper, first earthquake machines, toilet paper, matches, metal plow, multi-tube seed drill, stop bridge, wheelbarrow, parachute, natural gas such as gasoline, magnetic compass, map raised auxiliary, furnace, propeller, concrete, South Pointing Chariot, and powder gun. With the development of paper they have given their first step in the development of educational technology by continuing to make various handmade products on paper as a means of recognition.

Ancient Egyptian language was at one time the most widely used and widely used language in the world. Their script is made up of images of real things like birds, animals, different tools, etc. These images are commonly known as hieroglyph. Their language contained more than 500 hieroglyphs known as hieroglyphics. In the monuments of stone or tombs found later preserved gives evidence of the existence of many types of art in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology during the Middle Ages

Paper and paper-making procession developed in China in the early 2nd century AD, was taken to the Middle East and distributed throughout the Mediterranean by Muslim conquests. Evidence supports the fact that the paper mill was also invented in Sicily in the 12th century. The discovery of the spinning wheel increased the production process of the yarn to a great extent and while Lynn White added a spinning wheel with an increasing supply of fabric, this led to the production of cheap paper, which became a key factor in the development of printing technology.

The invention of the printing press took place about 1450 AD, by Johannes Gutenburg, a German inventor. The invention of the printing press was a milestone in the history of education technology to pass commands according to the need of the advanced society and advanced technology.

In the pre-industrial phases, while the industry was a craft at the artistic level, teaching methods relied heavily on simple objects such as a slide, a book of horns, a black board and chalk. It was limited to a single textbook with a few pictures. Educational technology was regarded as similar to simple resources such as charts and diagrams.

The year 1873 can be considered a historic milestone in the early history of educational technology or audio-visual education. The exhibition was held in Vienna at the international level where an American school received praise from teachers for exhibiting maps, charts, textbooks and other materials.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), a world-renowned pediatrician and founder of the Montessori Method, made a significant contribution to educational technology with her development of materials designed to provide the proper sequence of topics for each student. Modern educational technology suggests a broader expansion of the Montessori concept of a prepared environment focused on children.

In 1833, Charles Babbage's invention of the standard computer system formed the basis of modern computers and in 1943, the first computer in hi-hi-computer was developed by the International Business Machines Corporation in the USA. Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which a computer basically works as a lecturer and author of a Talking type was developed by O.K. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computers have been used extensively in education in schools, colleges, and universities.

At the beginning of the 19th century, there were dramatic changes in the education system. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), since its inception in the school broadcasts in 1920, has kept pace with making a significant contribution to education. In the USA, in 1952, 20 states had an educational program. In line with this time about 98% of schools in the United Kingdom were equipped with radios and have regular daily programs.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist at Ohio state university, developed a self-study machine called the 'Drum Tutor' in 1920. Professor Skinner, however, in his famous article 'Science of Learning and the art of Teaching' published in 1945, appealed to the application of ethical-based knowledge to classroom procedures and suggested teaching materials as a way to do so.

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Although the first active use of standard television broadcasting was in Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were broadcast on television channels in Berlin, open circuit television began to be used mainly in the entertainment broadcasts of the 1950s. Since 1960, television has been used for educational purposes.

In 1950, Brynmor, England, applied technology for the first time in education. It should be noted that in the 1960's, as a result of industrialization in the United States and Russia, other countries also began to make progress in filing educational technology. In this way, the beginning of educational technology took place in the 1960s from the United States and Russia and has now reached England, Europe and India.

During the 1950's, the new technology was making it more attractive to teachers when there was a major development of teachers in America so there was an urgent need for educational technology. Dr. Alvin C. Eurich and later his friend, Dr. Alexander J. Stoddard introduced mass production technology in America.

Team training originated in America in the mid-1950s and was started in 1955 at Harvard University as part of a training program.

In 1956, Benjamin Bloom of the USA presented a collection of educational objectives in his publication, "The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, the Micro teaching process was first introduced by Dwight W. Allen and his colleagues at Stanford University in the USA.

Electronics is a major technology developed in the early 21st century. Access to Broadband Internet was popularized and taken over by almost all important offices and educational institutions and even commonplace in developed countries for the benefit of connecting home computers with music libraries and mobile phones.

Today's classroom could be a technology lab, a room with lines for students using the Internet connected or Wi-Fi enabled laptops, palms, a notebook, or perhaps students attending a video conference or visual classroom or listening to podcast or video chat. Rapid technological changes in the field of education have created new ways of teaching and learning. Changes in technology have also encouraged teachers to access a wide range of information around the world through the Internet, to improve their academic performance and to develop the necessary skills in an area of ​​concern. At the same time, students can use many Internet resources to enrich their learning skills to deal with social change. Day students and teachers now attend conferences, seminars, workshops at national and international level using multimedia techno-resources such as PowerPoint and pursue a variety of important courses of their choice in grade mode with online learning methods. The online learning center has opened an unlimited number of opportunities for today’s student to make their lives happier than ever.